Tag: Contract
July 12, 2023
Corporate Law | Commercial Contract
Corporate Law | Commercial Contract
Thumbs-Up Emoji (👍) as Acceptance of Contracts
A Canadian court recently encountered an intriguing case regarding contract law where it had to determine whether the use of the "thumbs-up" emoji (👍) in a contract constituted a valid acceptance of the contract. In this unique case, Justice T. J. Keene acknowledged that the thumbs-up (👍) emoji is an unconventional way of "signing" a document, but only under the circumstances where it conveyed both the identity of the signatory and acceptance of the flax contract. ......
June 17, 2020
Corporate Law | General Corporate Advisory
Corporate Law | General Corporate Advisory
Revisiting Representation and Warranty Clauses
Clauses related to representations, warranties and indemnifications are widely negotiated clauses of commercial contracts especially in M&A transactions. The interests of the parties to a contract typically do not align with respect to the representation and warranties clause of the contract, which usually comprises a major chunk of the agreement. ...
Drafting deepfake defences: comments on India’s proposed amendments to the IT Rules
On October 22, 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ("MeitY") proposed significant amendments ("Proposed Amendments") to the Information...
Formulation fight: Amgen case tests patentability of biopharmaceuticals in India
In a high-stakes case, the Madras High Court examines whether Amgen's specific formulation is non-obvious and patentable, and whether the prior art guides...
Implementation of India’s Four Labour Codes: Key Changes and the Road Ahead
On November 21, 2025, the Ministry of Labour and Employment issued notifications operationalizing substantial portions of India's four labour codes...
The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025: A New Digital Frontier
The Ministry of Information and Technology (“MeitY”) on Thursday, November 13, 2025 notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (the “DPDP Rules”), framed under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”).
Indemnity and Limitation of Liability Clauses: Strategic Risk Allocation in Commercial Con...
In the world of commercial contracts, astute risk management is paramount. Among the arsenal of legal tools and safeguards available to parties, the indemnity and limitation...
RBI Opens the Doors to Bank-Funded M&A’s: Boosting Domestic Acquisition Financi...
Recently, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") Governor, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra underscored the importance of enabling Indian banks to finance acquisitions by domestic corporates...
Government Sahyog in Tightening Takedowns
In 2021, the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 ("IT Intermediary Rules") were notified in furtherance of the Central Government's power to make rules...
Data Clean Rooms: The Future of Privacy-Compliant Data Collaboration
As organisations grapple with increasingly stringent privacy and data protection laws, the concept of the Data Clean Room (“DCR“) has emerged as a transformative solution that enables collaboration without compromising compliance.
The power of transition phrases in Indian patent drafting: the ‘Frimline’ Ruli...
Transition phrases are crucial in patent drafting for they define the scope of a claim. Choosing the correct phrase can impact what rights an applicant can enforce, as determined by the Delhi High Court recently, in Frimline v. K-Smatco
Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?
Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.
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