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September 8, 2018
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Series on Specific Relief Amendment Bill, 2018 – Part 4...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance, in Part 2 we discussed contracts that involve a continuous duty which cannot be supervised by Courts, in Part 3 we discussed contracts involving personal qualifications and in this Part 4 we shall discuss the fourth exception that has been carved out i.e. contracts that are determinable in nature cannot be specifically enforced....
September 3, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance, in Part 2 we discussed contracts that involve a continuous duty which cannot be supervised by Courts and in Part 3 we discuss the third exception that has been carved out i.e. contracts involving personal qualifications cannot be specifically enforced....
August 24, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance and in Part 2 we discuss the second exception that has been carved out....
August 17, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act"), which has brought significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act") was notified on August 1, 2018 and has become effective therefrom. While the Amendment Act has introduced various changes, one of the most significant change introduced is that specific performance of contracts has been made a rule rather than an exception. In our next series of articles, we focus on the four exceptions laid down in the Amendment Act to the specific performance rule....
July 31, 2018
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Parliament passes the Specific Relief Amendment Bill, 2...

The Parliament has passed the Specific Relief (Amendment) Bill, 2018 ("Bill"), which brings about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"). On July 23, 2018, the Rajya Sabha passed the Bill, which had been passed by the Lok Sabha on March 15, 2018. The Bill is currently awaiting President’s assent, following which it will be part of the law. In this article, we are providing a brief overview of the significant changes brought about by the Bill....
July 10, 2018
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Series on Boiler Plate Clauses – Part 4

Clauses that usually appear at the end of a contract are called Boiler Plate Clauses. Although often grouped together, boilerplate provisions don't have much in common with one another except that they don't fit anywhere else in the agreement. For that reason, they are usually clubbed together at the end of the agreement under a title such as "Miscellaneous," "General," or "Standard." Most boilerplate clauses clarify the relationship between the contracting parties. Typically, when a dispute arises it is these boiler plate clauses which are first referred to. The effect of a boilerplate clause is most often noticed when it is omitted from a contract. In the present series, we are focusing on four significant boiler plate clauses of a contract – assignment, severability, notices and force majeure....
July 3, 2018
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Series on Boiler Plate Clauses – Part 3

Clauses that usually appear at the end of a contract are called Boiler Plate Clauses. Although often grouped together, boilerplate provisions don't have much in common with one another except that they don't fit anywhere else in the agreement. For that reason, they are usually clubbed together at the end of the agreement under a title such as "Miscellaneous," "General," or "Standard." Most boilerplate clauses clarify the relationship between the contracting parties. Typically, when a dispute arises it is these boiler plate clauses which are first referred to. The effect of a boilerplate clause is most often noticed when it is omitted from a contract. In the present series, we are focusing on four significant boiler plate clauses of a contract – assignment, severability, notices and force majeure....
June 27, 2018
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Series on Boiler Plate Clauses – Part 2

Clauses that usually appear at the end of a contract are called Boiler Plate Clauses. Although often grouped together, boilerplate provisions don't have much in common with one another except that they don't fit anywhere else in the agreement. For that reason, they are usually clubbed together at the end of the agreement under a title such as "Miscellaneous," "General," or "Standard." Most boilerplate clauses clarify the relationship between the contracting parties. Typically, when a dispute arises it is these boiler plate clauses which are first referred to. The effect of a boilerplate clause is most often noticed when it is omitted from a contract. In the present series, we are focusing on four significant boiler plate clauses of a contract – assignment, severability, notices and force majeure....
June 19, 2018
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Series on Boiler Plate Clauses – Part 1

Clauses that usually appear at the end of a contract are called Boiler Plate Clauses. Although often grouped together, boilerplate provisions don't have much in common with one another except that they don't fit anywhere else in the agreement. For that reason, they are usually clubbed together at the end of the agreement under a title such as "Miscellaneous," "General," or "Standard." Most boilerplate clauses clarify the relationship between the contracting parties. Typically, when a dispute arises it is these boiler plate clauses which are first referred to. The effect of a boilerplate clause is most often noticed when it is omitted from a contract. In the present series, we are focusing on four significant boiler plate clauses of a contract – assignment, severability, notices and force majeure....

Formulation fight: Amgen case tests patentability of biopharmaceuticals in India

In a high-stakes case, the Madras High Court examines whether Amgen's specific formulation is non-obvious and patentable, and whether the prior art guides...

Implementation of India’s Four Labour Codes: Key Changes and the Road Ahead

On November 21, 2025, the Ministry of Labour and Employment issued notifications operationalizing substantial portions of India's four labour codes...

The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025: A New Digital Frontier

The Ministry of Information and Technology (“MeitY”) on Thursday, November 13, 2025 notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (the “DPDP Rules”), framed under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”).

Indemnity and Limitation of Liability Clauses: Strategic Risk Allocation in Commercial Con...

In the world of commercial contracts, astute risk management is paramount. Among the arsenal of legal tools and safeguards available to parties, the indemnity and limitation...

RBI Opens the Doors to Bank-Funded M&A’s: Boosting Domestic Acquisition Financi...

Recently, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") Governor, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra underscored the importance of enabling Indian banks to finance acquisitions by domestic corporates...

Government Sahyog in Tightening Takedowns

In 2021, the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 ("IT Intermediary Rules") were notified in furtherance of the Central Government's power to make rules...

Data Clean Rooms: The Future of Privacy-Compliant Data Collaboration

As organisations grapple with increasingly stringent privacy and data protection laws, the concept of the Data Clean Room (“DCR“) has emerged as a transformative solution that enables collaboration without compromising compliance.

The power of transition phrases in Indian patent drafting: the ‘Frimline’ Ruli...

Transition phrases are crucial in patent drafting for they define the scope of a claim. Choosing the correct phrase can impact what rights an applicant can enforce, as determined by the Delhi High Court recently, in Frimline v. K-Smatco

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.

Pharmacyclics Continues the Divisional Applications Debate in India

In 2024, the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”) issued the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024 (“Rules”), which, among other things, amended the rules relating to filing of divisional applications.