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May 14, 2025

Loyalty Programmes: To be, or not to be!

The coming into force of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (“DPDP Act”), with its myriad compliances, has had widespread implications for companies – more so, for B2C companies. In this age of digital advantages, B2C companies have been making the most of the benefits of the digital age that are available to them – whether it is by way of marketing to attract new customers or taking steps to retain existing ones. ......
October 23, 2024

Balancing Privacy and Efficiency with SEBI’s New ...

On October 8, 2024, through a consultation paper released by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI") a new policy has been proposed on data-sharing for the purposes of research and analysis ("Policy"). The Policy is applicable to all intermediaries and Market Infrastructure Institutions ("MIIs") and is aimed at streamlining business operations in India's financial markets while addressing critical data privacy challenges. . . . ...
November 23, 2022
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Understanding the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill...

In 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right under the Indian constitution. Subsequently, in 2018, the first draft of the Personal Data Protection Bill was prepared by an expert committee set up by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). ......
December 29, 2021
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The JPC Report and the Data Protection Bill, 2021: Who ...

The Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 ("JPC") was constituted on December 11, 2019, for the study and consideration of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 ("2019 Bill"). The JPC was initially expected to present its report to Parliament during the Budget Session of 2020, however, after being granted an extension of 2 years, the JPC tabled its report ("JPC Report") in both houses of Parliament on December 16, 2021. ......
October 27, 2021
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Tokenisation of cards in India: Explained

Amidst the rise in cases of financial data leaks in India, the Reserve Bank of India's ("RBI") efforts towards the adoption of a framework of tokenisation of cards in India have been appreciated by the industry. ......
September 16, 2020
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Government Releases Draft Policy to Manage Collection o...

The recent months have amply shown us the importance of developing and maintaining healthcare infrastructure, whether digital or physical. Each day has seen us critically scan the statistics to try and understand the impact of the novel coronavirus ("Covid 19") on our towns and cities. The Government, in its turn, launched several apps and services such as Aarogya Setu, to control and monitor the spread of the disease. ......
December 6, 2019

Personal Data Protection Bill passed by the Cabinet

The much anticipated Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019("Bill") finally gathered the Cabinet's approval on December 04, 2019, therefore setting the stage for it to be tabled in front of the Parliament in the current winter session....

Data Clean Rooms: The Future of Privacy-Compliant Data Collaboration

As organisations grapple with increasingly stringent privacy and data protection laws, the concept of the Data Clean Room (“DCR“) has emerged as a transformative solution that enables collaboration without compromising compliance.

The power of transition phrases in Indian patent drafting: the ‘Frimline’ Ruli...

Transition phrases are crucial in patent drafting for they define the scope of a claim. Choosing the correct phrase can impact what rights an applicant can enforce, as determined by the Delhi High Court recently, in Frimline v. K-Smatco

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.

Pharmacyclics Continues the Divisional Applications Debate in India

In 2024, the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”) issued the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024 (“Rules”), which, among other things, amended the rules relating to filing of divisional applications.

An Analysis of the Reserve Bank of India’s Master Direction on Regulation of Payment...

On September 15, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Master Direction on Regulation of Payment Aggregators, 2025 ("Master Direction"), a framework governing both bank and non-bank entities engaged in the business of payment aggregation ("Payment Aggregators" or "PA").

Removal of fetters on the Arbitration process: Arbitration is not foreclosed due to pendin...

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was enacted to facilitate expeditious and affordable resolution of disputes pertaining to in-personam rights arising out of contractual disputes between private parties.

Timing it Right: Delhi High Court on Pre-Grant Oppositions in India

What happens when a pre-grant opposition is filed after the Controller signs a patent application to grant? This knotty question was answered by the Delhi High Court in a recent case.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements Part 2

In our previous Article, we explored the foundational aspects of share transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHAs"), with a focus on concepts such as tag-along rights, drag-along rights, permitted and automatic transfers, amongst others and the interplay with the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act").

Collection of Children’s Data under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act: Not Ch...

The protection of children's personal data has and continues to present regulatory and practical challenges for lawmakers, businesses, organisations, institutions and establishments that deal with personal data ("Data Fiduciary").

When “Ok” Becomes “Not Ok”: A cautionary tale of miscommunication from the Indian Patent O...

An important step during patent prosecution in India is the hearing. As the Indian Patent Office (IPO) tends to issue only a single examination report, hearings before the Controller are common.