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May 4, 2022
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The End of Post-Termination Non-Compete Clauses?

Recently, the Ministry of Labour and Employment notified Infosys that a joint conversation on the implementation of the non-compete provision prohibiting employees from joining a competing technology business within six months of leaving Infosys has been scheduled. ......
January 12, 2022
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Restitutionary Damages vs. Compensatory Damages: Explai...

In an important judgment by the Madras High Court delivered on December 15, 2021, the Court explained the circumstances under which an aggrieved party is entitled to compensatory damages and restitutionary damages, respectively. ......
May 26, 2021
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PERSONAL GUARANTORS ARE ACCOUNTABLE UNDER THE IBC: THE ...

On May 21, 2021, the Apex Court of India, in the case of Lalit Kumar Jain vs. Union of India & Ors. , upheld the validity of the Centre's notification dated November 15, 2019, allowing banks to proceed against personal guarantors for recovery of loans given to a company under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) (“Notification”). ......
February 26, 2020

Respite to India Inc. – Novel Corona Virus Declar...

In December 2019 the world watched in concern as scenes of chaos, misery and rapidly mounting death tolls emerged from China. Covid -19 was first detected in the Hubai province of China, however by January 2020, the World Health Organization had declared the outbreak of the Novel Corona Virus as a ‘public health emergency.’...
September 8, 2018
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Series on Specific Relief Amendment Bill, 2018 – Part 4...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance, in Part 2 we discussed contracts that involve a continuous duty which cannot be supervised by Courts, in Part 3 we discussed contracts involving personal qualifications and in this Part 4 we shall discuss the fourth exception that has been carved out i.e. contracts that are determinable in nature cannot be specifically enforced....
September 3, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance, in Part 2 we discussed contracts that involve a continuous duty which cannot be supervised by Courts and in Part 3 we discuss the third exception that has been carved out i.e. contracts involving personal qualifications cannot be specifically enforced....
August 24, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") has brought about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"), the critical one being that specific performance is now (unless a case falls within the exceptions) the norm instead of a discretionary power with Indian Courts. Our present series of articles focus on the four exceptions to the specific performance rule. In Part 1 of the series we discussed substituted performance and in Part 2 we discuss the second exception that has been carved out....
August 17, 2018
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Section 14: Contracts Not Specifically Enforceable – Pa...

The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act"), which has brought significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act") was notified on August 1, 2018 and has become effective therefrom. While the Amendment Act has introduced various changes, one of the most significant change introduced is that specific performance of contracts has been made a rule rather than an exception. In our next series of articles, we focus on the four exceptions laid down in the Amendment Act to the specific performance rule....
July 31, 2018
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Parliament passes the Specific Relief Amendment Bill, 2...

The Parliament has passed the Specific Relief (Amendment) Bill, 2018 ("Bill"), which brings about significant amendments to the Specific Relief Act, 1963 ("Act"). On July 23, 2018, the Rajya Sabha passed the Bill, which had been passed by the Lok Sabha on March 15, 2018. The Bill is currently awaiting President’s assent, following which it will be part of the law. In this article, we are providing a brief overview of the significant changes brought about by the Bill....

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.

Pharmacyclics Continues the Divisional Applications Debate in India

In 2024, the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”) issued the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024 (“Rules”), which, among other things, amended the rules relating to filing of divisional applications.

An Analysis of the Reserve Bank of India’s Master Direction on Regulation of Payment...

On September 15, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Master Direction on Regulation of Payment Aggregators, 2025 ("Master Direction"), a framework governing both bank and non-bank entities engaged in the business of payment aggregation ("Payment Aggregators" or "PA").

Removal of fetters on the Arbitration process: Arbitration is not foreclosed due to pendin...

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was enacted to facilitate expeditious and affordable resolution of disputes pertaining to in-personam rights arising out of contractual disputes between private parties.

Timing it Right: Delhi High Court on Pre-Grant Oppositions in India

What happens when a pre-grant opposition is filed after the Controller signs a patent application to grant? This knotty question was answered by the Delhi High Court in a recent case.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements Part 2

In our previous Article, we explored the foundational aspects of share transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHAs"), with a focus on concepts such as tag-along rights, drag-along rights, permitted and automatic transfers, amongst others and the interplay with the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act").

Collection of Children’s Data under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act: Not Ch...

The protection of children's personal data has and continues to present regulatory and practical challenges for lawmakers, businesses, organisations, institutions and establishments that deal with personal data ("Data Fiduciary").

When “Ok” Becomes “Not Ok”: A cautionary tale of miscommunication from the Indian Patent O...

An important step during patent prosecution in India is the hearing. As the Indian Patent Office (IPO) tends to issue only a single examination report, hearings before the Controller are common.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements

Transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHA(s)") have come to play a critical role in shaping deal dynamics. With India reporting a steady growth in mergers and acquisitions ("M&A"), questions of control, transfer restrictions, ownership flexibility and exit options have become crucial for investors and companies alike.

The Infringer’s Burden in Process Patent Suits in India

Indian patent law contains a unique provision that shifts the burden of proof onto the accused / infringer in process patent suits. But this applies only if certain conditions are met.