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October 13, 2021
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CHEQUE ISSUED PURSUANT TO SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT PRESUMED...

On October 8, 2021, in the case of M/s Gimpex Private Limited vs. Manoj Goel , the Supreme Court of India has held that a cheque issued pursuant to a deed of settlement between parties will be presumed to have been issued towards discharge of a debt or liability under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act ("NI Act"), which fastens criminal liability in cheque bounce cases. ......
June 8, 2019
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Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Act, 2018- Retrospec...

In one of our Articles published in September-Amendments to the Negotiable Instruments Act, we discussed the amendments that were brought to the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 ("Act") with an intention of amending the law related to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques. The Act has been amended time and again to ensure and enhance trust in negotiable instruments. With an aim to further streamline theAct, the Central Government incorporated Sections 143-A and 148 vide  Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amended Act"). These new sets of provisions have been effective since 1st September 2018....
October 3, 2018
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Amendments to the Negotiable Instruments Act

The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 ("Act") was implemented with the intention of amending the law related to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques. The Act has been amended time and again to ensure and enhance the trust in negotiable instruments. In furtherance to this, an amendment to the Act has been passed by introducing the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2017 which was given the Presidential assent on the 2nd of August 2018, making the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Act, 2018 ("Amendment Act") come into existence. In furtherance to the assent, the Amendment Act has become effective from the 1st of September 2018, after being notified in the official gazette....

The DPIIT Working Paper on AI and Copyright: Regulatory Signals and Practical Implications...

Artificial intelligence ("AI") is no longer at the margins of business strategy. For many organisations, it has become embedded in product design, customer engagement, internal workflows and long-term planning...

Vague Definitions, Harsh Penalties and Constitutional Incompatibility: Why the Karnataka H...

On December 10, 2025, the Government of Karnataka tabled the Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025 (the "Bill") to prevent dissemination and punish perpetrators of hate speech and hate crimes...

Broadening the Small Company Net: Implications of the New Threshold

On December 1, 2025, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") via Notification G.S.R. 880(E) ("Notification"), introduced pivotal amendment to the definition of a "Small Company" under Sec-tion 2(85) of the Companies Act...

Privacy at the Price of Transparency: Legal Implications of the Amendments to Section 8 of...

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ("MeitY") recently notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, on November 14, 2025. This notification brings into force the Digital Personal...

Recalibrating Corporate Governance: An Analysis of the SEBI LODR 5th Amendment, 2025

On November 19, 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI") notified the fifth amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations...

Drafting deepfake defences: comments on India’s proposed amendments to the IT Rules

On October 22, 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ("MeitY") proposed significant amendments ("Proposed Amendments") to the Information...

Formulation fight: Amgen case tests patentability of biopharmaceuticals in India

In a high-stakes case, the Madras High Court examines whether Amgen's specific formulation is non-obvious and patentable, and whether the prior art guides...

Implementation of India’s Four Labour Codes: Key Changes and the Road Ahead

On November 21, 2025, the Ministry of Labour and Employment issued notifications operationalizing substantial portions of India's four labour codes...

The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025: A New Digital Frontier

The Ministry of Information and Technology (“MeitY”) on Thursday, November 13, 2025 notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (the “DPDP Rules”), framed under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”).

Indemnity and Limitation of Liability Clauses: Strategic Risk Allocation in Commercial Con...

In the world of commercial contracts, astute risk management is paramount. Among the arsenal of legal tools and safeguards available to parties, the indemnity and limitation...