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October 8, 2025

An Analysis of the Reserve Bank of India’s Master...

On September 15, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Master Direction on Regulation of Payment Aggregators, 2025 ("Master Direction"), a framework governing both bank and non-bank entities engaged in the business of payment aggregation ("Payment Aggregators" or "PA")....
Digital Consent Management Pilot
June 24, 2025

A Step Towards Meaningful Consent: TRAI’s Digital...

On June 16, 2025, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India ("TRAI") launched a pilot project aimed at operationalising a new framework for digital consent management....
RBI Digital Lending Directions
May 28, 2025
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Rewriting the Rules of Digital Lending: RBI Digital Len...

Digital lending in India has revolutionized the borrowing landscape by leveraging digital platforms like mobile apps and websites to offer quick, convenient and paperless loans....
March 19, 2025
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The RBI Updated Master Directions on Foreign Investment...

On January 20, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") introduced significant updates to its master directions on foreign investment in India ("Master Directions"). This move aims to provide clarity on various regulatory aspects, particularly concerning downstream investments by Foreign-Owned or Controlled Companies. ......
February 18, 2025

RBI’s New Framework to Strengthen Payment Systems...

Pursuant to the enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 ("DPDP Act"), the personal data of a 'Data Principal' can be processed only in accordance with the DPDP Act and for a lawful purpose for which the Data Principal has given consent. This consent needs to be 'free, specific, informed, unconditional and unambiguous' with a clear affirmative action. ......
January 1, 2025
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Examining the Draft Bill on Unregulated Lending Activit...

On December 13, 2024, the Ministry of Finance introduced the Banning of Unregulated Lending Activities (Draft) Bill ("Bill"). This Bill was based on a report submitted by the Reserve Bank of India's ("RBI") working group on digital lending. The Bill envisages the banning of all lending entities that are: (a) not authorized by the RBI or other regulators; and (b) not registered under any other law to undertake a public lending business activity. . . . ...
December 18, 2024
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OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RECLASSIFICATION OF FOREIGN P...

On November 11, 2024, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI"), notified an operational framework for reclassification of Foreign Portfolio Investment ("FPI") to Foreign Direct Investment ("FDI") , once it exceeds the threshold percentage of 10% (ten percent) of the total paid-up equity capital (on a fully diluted basis) of an Indian company. ......
June 12, 2024
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Indian Investors can now expand their investment portfo...

Indian investment in overseas funds is governed by a combined reading of the Foreign Exchange Management (Overseas Investment) Rules, 2022 (“OI Rules”) and the Foreign Exchange Management (Overseas Investment) Directions, 2022 (“OI Directions”) (jointly referred to as the “OI Framework”). ......
June 5, 2024
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Enhancing Digital Lending Security: The Role of the Dig...

The Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") has reportedly been planning to initiate the establishment of a Digital India Trust Agency ("Agency"), in order to curb financial frauds and cybercrimes which have been uprising in the digital lending space. This Agency is intended to be involved in creating a systematic procedure of verifying legitimate digital lending application and resolving the concerns surrounding unauthorised digital lending apps. ......

Removal of fetters on the Arbitration process: Arbitration is not foreclosed due to pendin...

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was enacted to facilitate expeditious and affordable resolution of disputes pertaining to in-personam rights arising out of contractual disputes between private parties.

Timing it Right: Delhi High Court on Pre-Grant Oppositions in India

What happens when a pre-grant opposition is filed after the Controller signs a patent application to grant? This knotty question was answered by the Delhi High Court in a recent case.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements Part 2

In our previous Article, we explored the foundational aspects of share transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHAs"), with a focus on concepts such as tag-along rights, drag-along rights, permitted and automatic transfers, amongst others and the interplay with the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act").

Collection of Children’s Data under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act: Not Ch...

The protection of children's personal data has and continues to present regulatory and practical challenges for lawmakers, businesses, organisations, institutions and establishments that deal with personal data ("Data Fiduciary").

When “Ok” Becomes “Not Ok”: A cautionary tale of miscommunication from the Indian Patent O...

An important step during patent prosecution in India is the hearing. As the Indian Patent Office (IPO) tends to issue only a single examination report, hearings before the Controller are common.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements

Transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHA(s)") have come to play a critical role in shaping deal dynamics. With India reporting a steady growth in mergers and acquisitions ("M&A"), questions of control, transfer restrictions, ownership flexibility and exit options have become crucial for investors and companies alike.

The Infringer’s Burden in Process Patent Suits in India

Indian patent law contains a unique provision that shifts the burden of proof onto the accused / infringer in process patent suits. But this applies only if certain conditions are met.

NCLT’s Jurisdiction for Fraud in Oppression and Mismanagement Petitions: The Supreme...

The role of the National Company Law Tribunal ("NCLT") as a specialised forum under company law has often led to questions around the exact scope of its jurisdiction.

Can a Trade Mark be opposed in India before it is Advertised for Opposition?

In India, the law provides for formal opposition to a trademark application only after it is advertised, but can a third party intervene even during the pre-advertisement stage?

Essential Clauses in a Contract – Force Majeure in light of Regulatory Shifts and Co...

In August 2025, Dream11, an Indian fantasy sports platform, terminated its Rs. 358 Crore sponsorship agreement with the Board of Control for Cricket in India ("BCCI").