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March 15, 2023
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VIRTUAL DIGITAL ASSETS UNDER THE AMBIT OF PMLA

Money laundering has been a major concern for governments and financial institutions around the world for decades. Various methods are used to launder illegally acquired funds, including buying real estate properties, investing in businesses, and moving money through shell companies. ......
November 30, 2022
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Dark Patterns on Digital Platforms: Are ‘your’ online d...

Have you ever been unable to find the unsubscribe/delete button on a social media application? Added an item to your shopping cart only to realize later that the price displayed to you initially was substantially lower than the check-out price? Were you forced to provide personal data to gain access to a website/application? These are all examples of unfair trade practices and misleading advertisements deployed by digital platforms to manipulate users, i.e., dark patterns. ......
October 26, 2022
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Understanding RBI’s Central Bank Digital Currency...

The Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") recently published a concept note on Central Bank Digital Currency ("CBDC") to explain its approach towards introduction of the digital rupee and create awareness for its planned features. ......
June 30, 2021
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Unshackling the Art World: NFTs, Blockchain, and Copyri...

In the first part of this two-part series, we offered a brief overview of NFTs and their applicability in the art world. This second part discusses the copyright and other related legal implications surrounding NFTs. ......
June 29, 2021
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Unshackling the Art World: NFTs, Blockchain, and Copyri...

The business of purchasing art is traditionally associated with the sale of unique, physical objects whose source was verified by galleries, auction houses and, typically, a trail of paper, to distinguish an original from a copy. In the physical world, you can simply go and buy a painting that you wish to hang on your wall. ......
April 21, 2021
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Non-Fungible Tokens, the Vanguard of Innovation or Simp...

The past few years have seen some breath-taking innovation take place across sectors and industries, which have revolutionised the traditional lens with which these industries were once perceived. For instance, in a demonstration of sheer democratisation, the prominent stock exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange, once thought to be solely the bastion of the intimidating Wall Street steadies, was taken over by regular individuals belonging to the website Reddit. ......

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.

Pharmacyclics Continues the Divisional Applications Debate in India

In 2024, the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”) issued the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024 (“Rules”), which, among other things, amended the rules relating to filing of divisional applications.

An Analysis of the Reserve Bank of India’s Master Direction on Regulation of Payment...

On September 15, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Master Direction on Regulation of Payment Aggregators, 2025 ("Master Direction"), a framework governing both bank and non-bank entities engaged in the business of payment aggregation ("Payment Aggregators" or "PA").

Removal of fetters on the Arbitration process: Arbitration is not foreclosed due to pendin...

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was enacted to facilitate expeditious and affordable resolution of disputes pertaining to in-personam rights arising out of contractual disputes between private parties.

Timing it Right: Delhi High Court on Pre-Grant Oppositions in India

What happens when a pre-grant opposition is filed after the Controller signs a patent application to grant? This knotty question was answered by the Delhi High Court in a recent case.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements Part 2

In our previous Article, we explored the foundational aspects of share transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHAs"), with a focus on concepts such as tag-along rights, drag-along rights, permitted and automatic transfers, amongst others and the interplay with the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act").

Collection of Children’s Data under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act: Not Ch...

The protection of children's personal data has and continues to present regulatory and practical challenges for lawmakers, businesses, organisations, institutions and establishments that deal with personal data ("Data Fiduciary").

When “Ok” Becomes “Not Ok”: A cautionary tale of miscommunication from the Indian Patent O...

An important step during patent prosecution in India is the hearing. As the Indian Patent Office (IPO) tends to issue only a single examination report, hearings before the Controller are common.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements

Transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHA(s)") have come to play a critical role in shaping deal dynamics. With India reporting a steady growth in mergers and acquisitions ("M&A"), questions of control, transfer restrictions, ownership flexibility and exit options have become crucial for investors and companies alike.

The Infringer’s Burden in Process Patent Suits in India

Indian patent law contains a unique provision that shifts the burden of proof onto the accused / infringer in process patent suits. But this applies only if certain conditions are met.