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May 11, 2022
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Filing a Patent Application with Biological Material in...

Patent applications for inventions containing biological materials must fully and particularly describe such use of biological materials in the specification. The Indian Patents Act, 1970 (“the Act”) does not define biological materials, but guidance can be found in the European Convention, according to which biological material includes any material that contains genetic information and is capable of reproduction by itself. ......
January 27, 2022
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Putting an Indian Patent Application together: Document...

When filing a patent application in India, several documents and information are required to be submitted before the Indian Patent Office (IPO). To begin with, a provisional or complete specification in either English or Hindi must be filed along with the application. ......
December 16, 2021
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Types of Patent Applications in India

Under Indian patent law, various types of patent applications may be filed at the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”). This note discusses the different types of applications accepted at the IPO, and specific considerations relating to each type. ......
November 12, 2021
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Official Fee for Patent Applications in India

The official fee for a patent application in India is calculated on the basis of the following factors: • the type of applicant, • number of priorities (additional fee for each priority above 1), • the total number of pages (additional fee for each page above 30) and • the number of claims in the application (additional fee for each claim above 10). ... ...
October 19, 2021
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Patent Applicants in India: Special Privileges for Star...

A patent application can be filed either alone or jointly, by any person claiming to be the true and first inventor of the invention, or by the assignee of such person, or the legal representative of a deceased person who immediately before their death was entitled to make such an application. ......
September 30, 2021
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Indian Patent Offices: Finding the right jurisdiction

The Indian Patent Office is responsible for administering the Indian law of patents, and its roles include patent administration, patent duration, and patent renewal, among other things. There are four patent offices in India, located in different cities, i.e., Chennai (in southern India), Delhi (in northern India), Kolkata (in eastern India), and Mumbai (in western India). In geographical terms, these four offices cover the length and breadth of the entire country. ......
September 10, 2021
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Filing a patent in India: Understanding the three stage...

From filing a patent to its eventual grant, there are various stages that a patent application goes through in India. Patent filing is the primary step an inventor must initiate to protect their invention from being misused. Before a patent is granted, the Indian Patent Office (IPO) meticulously examines it, to ensure that the innovation sought to be patented is novel and involves an inventive step based on specific criteria. ......

Drafting deepfake defences: comments on India’s proposed amendments to the IT Rules

On October 22, 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ("MeitY") proposed significant amendments ("Proposed Amendments") to the Information...

Formulation fight: Amgen case tests patentability of biopharmaceuticals in India

In a high-stakes case, the Madras High Court examines whether Amgen's specific formulation is non-obvious and patentable, and whether the prior art guides...

Implementation of India’s Four Labour Codes: Key Changes and the Road Ahead

On November 21, 2025, the Ministry of Labour and Employment issued notifications operationalizing substantial portions of India's four labour codes...

The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025: A New Digital Frontier

The Ministry of Information and Technology (“MeitY”) on Thursday, November 13, 2025 notified the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (the “DPDP Rules”), framed under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”).

Indemnity and Limitation of Liability Clauses: Strategic Risk Allocation in Commercial Con...

In the world of commercial contracts, astute risk management is paramount. Among the arsenal of legal tools and safeguards available to parties, the indemnity and limitation...

RBI Opens the Doors to Bank-Funded M&A’s: Boosting Domestic Acquisition Financi...

Recently, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") Governor, Mr. Sanjay Malhotra underscored the importance of enabling Indian banks to finance acquisitions by domestic corporates...

Government Sahyog in Tightening Takedowns

In 2021, the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 ("IT Intermediary Rules") were notified in furtherance of the Central Government's power to make rules...

Data Clean Rooms: The Future of Privacy-Compliant Data Collaboration

As organisations grapple with increasingly stringent privacy and data protection laws, the concept of the Data Clean Room (“DCR“) has emerged as a transformative solution that enables collaboration without compromising compliance.

The power of transition phrases in Indian patent drafting: the ‘Frimline’ Ruli...

Transition phrases are crucial in patent drafting for they define the scope of a claim. Choosing the correct phrase can impact what rights an applicant can enforce, as determined by the Delhi High Court recently, in Frimline v. K-Smatco

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.