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September 28, 2021
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Narrowing the Field: Selection Patents and Purposive Se...

Inventions that fall within, or overlap with, disclosures in the prior art are called “selection inventions”. Generally, selection inventions involve the selection of one or more specific embodiments, such as individual elements, subsets, or sub-ranges, within a larger known set or range disclosed in the prior art. This raises critical questions around how the novelty and inventive step of selection patents should be judged. ......
March 17, 2021
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The art and craft of franchising in India

Licensing and franchising intellectual property (IP) offer strategic competitive advantages to a brand. Franchising is a situation where a franchisor controls and supervises the exploitation of a trademark while allowing the use of the tradename, the get up and the reputation and goodwill associated with the trademark. ......
January 21, 2021
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Filing data after applying for an Indian patent: Drafti...

Applying for a patent is a race against time to secure the earliest priority date (i.e., the date of the first filing of a patent application). As a result, patent applications are often filed with accompanying data that do not always capture all the facets of the invention. In such cases, using post-filing data to support the applications is often the only course available. ......
December 14, 2020
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Pandemics, Public Interest and Patent Infringement in I...

In patent law, there is a constant tug of war between the importance of incentivizing innovators and the need to ensure that consumers have access to innovations. The law reflects this tussle as well. But this constant striving to balance the rights between patentees and consumers is essential for the patent system to function and be meaningful to society. ......
November 23, 2020
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Infringement of non-working patents: ‘Clearing the way’...

Indian patent law has a unique requirement under which every patentee and licensee of a granted patent must file a statement detailing the commercial working of patented inventions in India. The recent overhaul of the information required to be submitted under patent working statements (contained in Form 27) invites a reconsideration of the law around non-working of patents. ......
July 29, 2020
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Solving for the looming pandemic patent crisis in India...

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed some unusual problems for states and markets all over the world. While medical science and pharmaceutical professionals continue their search for the best drug or vaccine solution for the pandemic, one challenge lies in how this can be equitably distributed to the global population without compromising on various interests. ......
May 1, 2020
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Overcoming Pandemic Profiteering in Times of Crisis

Today, as the global scientific and research community doubles down on finding a potential drug or vaccine against the novel Coronavirus, the obvious question that arises is of access to affordable drugs and medical equipment. With the high investment required in drug discovery and pharmaceutical research generally, the debate naturally turns to the returns on such investment in times of a public health crisis as the one being faced today. This note seeks to understand if intellectual property (IP) protection will be a barrier to affordable drugs....
April 21, 2020
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Changes to the Regulatory Framework for Clinical Trials...

The total cost for bringing a new prescription drug to market is about USD 2 to 3 billion (DiMasi et al.). A significant portion of this cost is incurred in conducting clinical trials. The global clinical trials market size is expected to reach USD 69.8 billion by 2027, exhibiting a 5.1% compound annual growth rate (‘CAGR’) during the forecast period. ...
November 13, 2019
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IPO’s focus on drug patents part of a larger positive t...

In a world where science and technology evolve at an exponential pace, it is essential that the institutional systems that support the evolution of these industries also keep up with the pace. But the Indian patenting system has been often criticized over the years for its slow and long drawn out processing time. This processing pace naturally affects the quality and quantity of applications as well, and it is possible that foreign innovators or entities may be losing interest in filing for patents in India for this reason....

Data Clean Rooms: The Future of Privacy-Compliant Data Collaboration

As organisations grapple with increasingly stringent privacy and data protection laws, the concept of the Data Clean Room (“DCR“) has emerged as a transformative solution that enables collaboration without compromising compliance.

The power of transition phrases in Indian patent drafting: the ‘Frimline’ Ruli...

Transition phrases are crucial in patent drafting for they define the scope of a claim. Choosing the correct phrase can impact what rights an applicant can enforce, as determined by the Delhi High Court recently, in Frimline v. K-Smatco

Representations, Warranties and Covenants: What are the consequences of breach?

Representations, Warranties and Covenants clauses are included in all commercial contracts. Traditionally, the nomenclature has not been clearly delineated, and representation and warranties are grouped together in a manner that often led them to be viewed as synonymous terms.

Pharmacyclics Continues the Divisional Applications Debate in India

In 2024, the Indian Patent Office (“IPO”) issued the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024 (“Rules”), which, among other things, amended the rules relating to filing of divisional applications.

An Analysis of the Reserve Bank of India’s Master Direction on Regulation of Payment...

On September 15, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") issued the Master Direction on Regulation of Payment Aggregators, 2025 ("Master Direction"), a framework governing both bank and non-bank entities engaged in the business of payment aggregation ("Payment Aggregators" or "PA").

Removal of fetters on the Arbitration process: Arbitration is not foreclosed due to pendin...

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was enacted to facilitate expeditious and affordable resolution of disputes pertaining to in-personam rights arising out of contractual disputes between private parties.

Timing it Right: Delhi High Court on Pre-Grant Oppositions in India

What happens when a pre-grant opposition is filed after the Controller signs a patent application to grant? This knotty question was answered by the Delhi High Court in a recent case.

Navigating Share Transfer Restrictions in Shareholders’ Agreements Part 2

In our previous Article, we explored the foundational aspects of share transfer restrictions in shareholder agreements ("SHAs"), with a focus on concepts such as tag-along rights, drag-along rights, permitted and automatic transfers, amongst others and the interplay with the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act").

Collection of Children’s Data under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act: Not Ch...

The protection of children's personal data has and continues to present regulatory and practical challenges for lawmakers, businesses, organisations, institutions and establishments that deal with personal data ("Data Fiduciary").

When “Ok” Becomes “Not Ok”: A cautionary tale of miscommunication from the Indian Patent O...

An important step during patent prosecution in India is the hearing. As the Indian Patent Office (IPO) tends to issue only a single examination report, hearings before the Controller are common.